Expanding the sentence: coordination- compound sentences (15/08 hrs)
- Coordination: Two independent clauses are combined to form compound sentence using coordinating conjunctions - and, but, or, either .or, neither, nor,
- Types of activities:
- Join sentences using coordinating conjunctions
- Breaking a long sentence into simple sentences
Expanding the sentence: subordination-the complex sentence (15/07hrs)
- 1n subordination there is an independent clause and one or more dependent or subordinate clauses. Subordinate conjunctions –when, while, till, before, after, because, as, if, unless, that, so that, etc.
- Three main classes of dependent clauses analysed by structural types:
- Finite clauses: verb element is a finite verb phrase, e.g. I like John because John likes me.
- Non-finite clauses:
to-infinitive: The best thing would be to tell everybody.
All I did was hit him on the head.(infinitive without to)
-ing form: Leaving the room, he tripped over the mat.
-ed participle: Covered with confusion, we left the room.
Verb less clause: e.g. Although always helpful, he …….
If-clauses (15/08 hrs)
- Type 1: if - past tense-will
If you post the letter, it’ll get there by Thursday.
- Type 2: if- past perfect-would
If I had a million pounds I would probably go round the world.
- Type 3: if-past perfect- would have
If we had taken your advice, we would have saved a lot of time.
- Types of activities: Complete the conversation/ dialogue.
Cleft sentences (15/07 hrs)
- With ‘it’: we use cleft sentences to give emphasis to a particular part of the sentence. It does this by splitting the sentence into two halves and ‘highlighting’ the topic by making it the complement of it + be.
e.g. The Americans landed on the moon, not the Russians.
It was the Americans who landed on the moon, not the Russians.
- Cleft sentences with ‘what or ‘the thing (that)
What I really enjoy is eating chocolates. The thing that I ……….
Linguistics
Applied linguistics (15/08 hrs)
- Language learning & language acquisition
- Bilingualism- code mixing & code switching
- Individual learner differences
- Contrastive analysis & error analysis
- Krashen’s theory
Morphology (15/07 hrs)
- What is morphology?
- Introduction to Morph, morpheme & allomorph
- Inflection & derivation
- Word formation process
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